@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001029,
 author = {Kurata, Shinji and Mishima, Gaku and Sekino, Motohiro and Sato, Shuntaro and Pinkham, Maximilian and Tatkov, Stanislav and Ayuse, Takao},
 issue = {31},
 journal = {Medicine},
 month = {Jul},
 note = {In head and neck surgery where the oropharyngeal area is the operative field, postoperative respiratory depression and upper airway obstruction are common. Therefore, supplemental oxygen is administered to prevent severe postoperative early hypoxemia. However, a high concentration of oxygen increases the likelihood of secondary complications, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) narcosis.
 Nasal high-flow (NHF) therapy generates high flows (?60?L/min) of heated and humidified gas delivered via nasal cannula and provides respiratory support by generating positive airway pressure, clearance of dead space and reduction of work of breathing. This study aims to determine whether the postoperative hypoxemia and hypercapnia can be prevented by NHF without the requirement 
of supplemental oxygen. The study will recruit adult patients undergoing planned oral surgery under general anesthesia 
at Nagasaki University Hospital. It is a randomized parallel group comparative study with 3 groups: NHF with room air only and no supplemental oxygen, no respiratory support, and face mask oxygen administration. The study protocol will begin at the time that the patient is returned to the general ward and will finish 3?hours later. The primary endpoint is the time-weighted average of transcutaneous O2 over the 180 minutes
 and secondary endpoints are the time-weighted average of transcutaneous CO2 (tcpCO2), SpO2, and respiratory rate, 
incidence rate of marked hypercapnia (tcpCO2 ?60 mm Hg for 5 minutes or longer), incidence rate of moderate hypercapnia 
(tcpCO2 ?50 mm Hg for 5 minutes or longer) and the percentage of time that SpO2 is <90%. Included also is a group in which the postoperative management is performed only by spontaneous breathing without performing respiratory support such as oxygen administration, to investigate the efficacy and necessity of conventional oxygen administration. This exploratory study will investigate the use of NHF without supplemental oxygen as an effective respiratory support during the acute postoperative period. TRIAL REGISTRATION:: 
The study was registered the jRCTs072200018. URL https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs072200018., Medicine, 99(31), e21537; 2020},
 title = {A study on respiratory management in acute postoperative period by nasal high flow for patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia},
 volume = {99},
 year = {2020}
}