@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001074,
 author = {Fujioka, Takahiro and Ishida, Kenneth P. and Shintani, Takuji and Kodamatani, Hitoshi},
 journal = {Water Research},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Direct potable reuse is becoming a feasible option to cope with water shortages. It requires more stringent water quality assurance than indirect potable reuse. Thus, the development of a high-rejection reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for the removal of one of the most challenging chemicals in potable reuse ? N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) ? ensures further system confidence in reclaimed water quality. This study aimed to achieve over 90% removal of NDMA by modifying three commercial and one prototype RO membrane using heat treatment. Application of heat treatment to a prototype membrane resulted in a record high removal of 92% (1.1-log) of NDMA. Heat treatment reduced conductivity rejection and permeability, while secondary amines, selected as N-nitrosamine precursors, were still well rejected (>98%) regardless of RO membrane type. This study also demonstrated the highly stable separation performance of the heat-treated prototype membrane under conditions of varying feed temperature and permeate flux. Fouling propensity of the prototype membrane was lower than a commercial RO membrane. This study identified a need to develop highly selective RO membranes with high permeability to ensure the feasibility of using these membranes at full scale., Water Research, 131, pp.45-51; 2018},
 pages = {45--51},
 title = {High rejection reverse osmosis membrane for removal of  N-nitrosamines and their precursors},
 volume = {131},
 year = {2018}
}