@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001412,
 author = {Fujioka, Takahiro and Nguyen, Kha and Hoang, Anh and Ueyama, Tetsuro and Yasui, Hidenari and Terashima, Mitsuharu and Nghiem, Long},
 issue = {10},
 journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
 month = {Sep},
 note = {Pre-concentration is essential for energy and resource recovery from municipal wastewater. The potential of forward osmosis (FO) membranes to pre-concentrate wastewater for subsequent biogas production has been demonstrated, although biofouling has also emerged as a prominent challenge. This study, using a cellulose triacetate FO membrane, shows that chloramination of wastewater in the feed solution at 3?8 mg/L residual monochloramine significantly reduces membrane biofouling. During a 96-h pre-concentration, flux in the chloraminated FO system decreased by only 6% and this flux decline is mostly attributed to the increase in salinity (or osmotic pressure) of the feed due to pre-concentration. In contrast, flux in the non-chloraminated FO system dropped by 35% under the same experimental conditions. When the feed was chloraminated, the number of bacterial particles deposited on the membrane surface was significantly lower compared to a non-chloraminated wastewater feed. This study demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of chloramination to inhibit bacteria growth and consequently biofouling during pre-concentration of wastewater using a FO membrane., International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(10), art.no.2124; 2018},
 title = {Biofouling Mitigation by Chloramination during Forward Osmosis Filtration of Wastewater},
 volume = {15},
 year = {2018}
}