@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001656,
 author = {Fujioka, Takahiro and Makabe, Ryo and Mori, Naomichi and Snyder, Shane A. and Leddy, Menu},
 journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Safety of potable reuse can be enhanced by improved water quality monitoring techniques
 for assessing water treatment processes. This study evaluated the efficacy of
 online bacterial counting for continuous monitoring of reverse osmosis (RO) membranes 
to remove bacteria using real-time bacteriological commercial counters 
and an on-site pilot-scale RO system. Prior to on-site assessments,the online bacterial counting was verified by comparing the measurement of fluorescent particles in water with flow cytometry. During a seven day pilot test of RO treatment at a water reclamation plant, online bacterial counts 
in RO permeate were monitored below 15 counts/mL; whereas the bacterial counts 
in RO feed water were approximately 2500 to 10,000 counts/mL. Removal rates of bacterial counts ranged from 2.6 to 3.1-log (average = 2.9-log) by continuously monitoring bacterial removal. This is greater than a 2-log reduction frequently determined using other water quality surrogates (i.e., electrical conductivity). Overall, the continuous monitoring of bacteria in RO feed and permeate can be implemented without the addition of chemicals to provide near real-time bacterial counts to measure their reduction after RO treatment.This can be developed for continuous performance monitoring of the RO process,providing greater assurance of microbial water quality after RO treatment., Science of the Total Environment, 667, pp.540-544; 2019},
 pages = {540--544},
 title = {Assessment of online bacterial particle counts for monitoring the performance of reverse osmosis membrane process in potable reuse},
 volume = {667},
 year = {2019}
}