@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00019028,
 author = {Ikeda, Koichi and Murakami, Yumi and Emoto, Yu and Ngy, Laymithuna and Taniyama, Shigeto and Yagi, Motoaki and Takatani, Tomohiro and Arakawa, Osamu},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was intramuscularly administered to non-toxic cultured specimens of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes to investigate TTX transfer/accumulation profiles in the pufferfish body. In two groups of test fish administered either 50MU/individual of TTX standard (purified TTX; PTTX) or crude extract of toxic pufferfish ovary (crude TTX; CTTX), TTX rapidly transferred from the muscle via the blood to other organs. The toxin transfer profiles differed between groups, however, from 4 to 72h. In the PTTX group, little TTX was retained in the liver, and most (>96%) of the toxin remaining in the body transferred/accumulated in the skin after 12h, whereas in the CTTX group, a considerable amount of toxin (15%-23% of the administered toxin or 28%-58% of the remaining toxin) was transferred/retained in the liver for up to 24h, despite the fact that 89% of the remaining toxin transferred/accumulated in the skin at the end of rearing period (168h). The total amount of toxin remaining in the entire body at 1-4h was approximately 60% of the administered toxin in both groups, which decreased at 8-12h, and then increased again to approximately 60%-80% at 24-168h. Immunohistochemical observation revealed that the toxin accumulated in the skin was localized at the basal cells of the epidermal layer., Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 53(1), pp.99-103; 2009},
 pages = {99--103},
 title = {Transfer profile of intramuscularly administered tetrodotoxin to non-toxic cultured specimens of the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes.},
 volume = {53},
 year = {2009}
}