@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002032,
 author = {Nakamura, Hideki and Shimizu, Toshimasa and Takatani, Ayuko and Suematsu, Takashi and Nakamura, Tatsufumi and Kawakami, Atsushi},
 journal = {Virus Research},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {The initial phase of the human T cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection of salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) 
was examined. SGECs of patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and non-SS subjects were co-cultured with the HTLV-1-infected cell line HCT-5 or MOLT-4, then immunofluorescence (IF), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM) were employed. The extracellular matrix 
and linker proteins galectin-3, agrin, and tetherin were expressed on the surfaces of both HCT-5 and MOLT-4 cells. HTLV-1 Gag-positive spots were observed on adjacent SGECs after 1 h of co-culture with HCT-5. Both in subjects with and those without SS, agrin and tetherin were co-expressed with HTLV-1 Gag on SGECs after co-culture with HCT-5,although no polarization of HTLV-1 Gag and relevant molecules was observed. SEM showed HTLV-1 virions that were found
 on HCT-5 were observed in the interfaces between HCT-5 cells and SGECs. TEM imaging showed that HTLV-1 virions were transmitted to SGECs at the interface with thin film-like structure, while HTLV-1 virions were released from the surface of HCT-5 cells. No endogenous retroviruses were observed.
 These results showed that the initial phase of HTLV-1 infection toward SGECs of SS was mediated not by viral synapses, but by biofilm-like components., Virus Research, 269, art.no.197643; 2019},
 title = {Initial human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection of the salivary gland epithelial cells requires a biofilm-like structure},
 volume = {269},
 year = {2019}
}