@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002159,
 author = {Tsujimoto, Ritsu and Abe, Yasuyo and Arima, Kazuhiko and Nishimura, Takayuki and Tomita, Masato and Yonekura, Akihiko and Miyamoto, Takashi and Matsubayashi, Shohei and Tanaka, Natsumi and Aoyagi, Kiyoshi and Osaki, Makoto},
 journal = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {Background: Lumbar spondylosis is more prevalent among the middle-aged and elderly, but few population-based studies have been conducted, especially in Japan. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of lumbar spondylosis and its associations with low back pain among community-dwelling Japanese women. Methods: Lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine were obtained from 490 Japanese women ? 40 years old, and scored for lumbar spondylosis using the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade at lumbar intervertebral level from L1/2 to L5/S1. Height and weight were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Low back pain in subjects was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Stiffness index (bone mass) was measured at the calcaneal bone using quantitative ultrasound. Results: Prevalence of radiographic lumbar spondylosis for KL ? 2, KL ? 3 and low back pain were 76.7%, 38.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Age was positively associated with radiographic lumbar spondylosis (KL = 2, KL ? 3) and low back pain. Greater BMI was associated with lumbar spondylosis with KL = 2, but not with KL ? 3. Stiffness index was associated with neither radiographic lumbar spondylosis nor low back pain. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified radiographic lumbar spondylosis (KL ? 3) at L3/4, L4/5 and L5/S1 was associated with low back pain, independent of age, BMI and stiffness index. Conclusion: Severe lumbar spondylosis at the middle or lower level may contribute to low back pain., BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 17, 493; 2016},
 title = {Prevalence of lumbar spondylosis and its association with low back pain among community-dwelling Japanese women},
 volume = {17},
 year = {2016}
}