@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00025407,
 author = {Kaneda, Eiko and Yamauchi, Masaki and Ohwatari, Nobu and Lee, Jeong-Beom and Kosaka, Mitsuo},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {熱帯医学 Tropical medicine},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {The complicated geographical features of Nepal make transport of goods difficult. People have to depend on human power even today, especially porters who use a number of different transport styles. The objectives of this study were to document (1) the characteristics of haulage methods in relation to the geographical conditions, and (2) the diurnal activities and health of porters in Kathmandu. The observed methods used by the porters in Nepal to carry loads were divided into four main classes: (1) on the top of the head, (2) by handcart, (3) in baskets on a yoke across the shoulders, and (4) on the back using a tumpline. The method of carrying a load on the back with a tumpline was most commonly observed, although this style might cause damage to the spinal vertebrae. The study of the diurnal activities and health condition of porters was limited to those in Kathmandu. For this purpose seven porters were interviewed orally. The results can be summarised as follows: (1) luggage of about 60kg to 110kg could be carried, (2) six of the seven porters habitually smoked tobacco and drank alcohol, (3) many porters wore cloth tightly twisted around their waist, and (4) complaints of severe neck pain were not made, but all porters complained of knee and/or back pains. The cervical and lumbar vertebrae of these porters were examined by roentgenological analysis, but no abnormal changes were observed., 熱帯医学 Tropical medicine 41(1). p55-64, 1999},
 pages = {55--64},
 title = {Haulage Methods in Different Areas of Nepal and the Health Condition of the Porters in Kathmandu},
 volume = {41},
 year = {1999}
}