@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00026224,
 author = {Sumaiya, Rahila I.K. and Nii, Momoka and Okabe, Takuya and Ito, Hiromu and Pulungan, Muhammad Almaududi and Morita, Satoru and Kobayashi, Kazuya and Setou, Mitsutoshi and Iwabuchi, Kikuo and Matsuura, Kenji and Yoshimura, Jin},
 journal = {Ecological Complexity},
 month = {Nov},
 note = {Synergy is known to be vital for the group collaboration among non-kin individuals. In order to evaluate the condition of synergy that initiates group living, we build a model of food intake based on three types of 
functional response. We show that type III functional response is prerequisite for synergy to allow group living.The optimal number of gathering individuals can be also evaluated from Type III functional response curve. Type III functional response consists of terms depending linearly and bilinearly on the number of individuals and the bilinear term represents synergy. For a fixed value of the linear coefficient, there are upper and lower boundaries of the bilinear coefficient for synergistic collaboration. The dilution effect can be 
incorporated into the model through the functional response of the predator. Thus, the functional response of the predator as well as that of the prey contribute to the group living of the prey. Our model shows that group livings can be categorized into three types, namely those due to (1) synergy effect of the own group, (2) dilution effect against predators, and (3) both effects contributing together. The predator's functional response plays a decisive role in the last two types, where the predator response should be of anti-Type III
 (i.e., Type II)., Ecological Complexity, 44, art.no.100874; 2020},
 title = {Energetic requirements of the transition from solitary to group living},
 volume = {44},
 year = {2020}
}