@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00026861,
 author = {Sakamoto, Noriho and Hamada, Naoki and Okamoto, Masaki and Tobino, Kazunori and Ichiyasu, Hidenori and Ishii, Hiroshi and Ichikado, Kazuya and Morimoto, Shimpei and Hosogaya, Naoki and Mukae, Hiroshi},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {BMJ Open},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic disease of unknown aetiology with a poor prognosis. Several clinical trials of nintedanib in patients with IPF have reported its inhibitory effect on reduced lung function, incidence of acute exacerbation of IPF and worsened health-related quality of life. Although nintedanib has a manageable safety and tolerability profile over long-term use, it was discontinued in over 20% of patients because of adverse events such as diarrhoea and liver dysfunction. This might explain why nintedanib use in patients with IPF is not widespread, especially among patients with early-stage IPF. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the efficacy, safety and tolerability of nintedanib in patients with stage I/II IPF, based on the Japanese IPF disease severity staging classification system.
Methods and analysis: This is an ongoing, prospective, multicentre observational cohort study of patients with stage I/II IPF who will start receiving nintedanib. Totally, 215 patients at 35 sites in Kyushu and Okinawa, Japan will be enrolled and followed up for 3 years. Nintedanib therapy would be initiated at the discretion of the investigator. The primary endpoint, change in forced vital capacity (FVC) at 156 weeks, will be shown as the mean change in FVC from baseline to week 156 with 95% CIs estimated using the Wald method. The safety endpoint—occurrence of adverse events—will be assessed in each system organ class/preferred term.
Ethics and dissemination: The study protocol and informed consent documents were approved by the Institutional Review Board at Nagasaki University Hospital (approval number 19102146) and each participating site. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Patient recruitment has begun. The results will be disseminated through scientific peer-reviewed publications and national and international conferences.
Trial registration number: UMIN000038192., BMJ open, 11(6), art. no. e047249; 2021},
 title = {Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in Japanese patients with early-stage idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a study protocol for an observational study},
 volume = {11},
 year = {2021}
}