{"created":"2023-05-15T16:49:36.732726+00:00","id":27127,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"8129e6dd-01db-440d-9615-03d65a0e461c"},"_deposit":{"created_by":6,"id":"27127","owners":[6],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"27127"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027127","sets":["52:56"]},"author_link":["120923","120924","120921","120922","120925"],"item_2_biblio_info_6":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2022-01-05","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageStart":"731239","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"9","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"Frontiers in Public Health"}]}]},"item_2_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Indiscriminate regional lockdowns aim to prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection by restricting the movement of people; however, this comes with psychological, social, and economic costs. Measures are needed that complement lockdowns and reduce adverse effects. Epidemiological studies, to date, have identified high-risk populations, but not workplaces appropriate for closure. This study was conducted to provide evidence-based measures that used exact and reliable follow-up data of the PCR-positive COVID-19 cases to complement lockdowns. The data are not subjected to selection or follow-up biases, since the Japanese government, by law, must register and follow all the PCR-positive cases until either recovery or death. Direct customer exposure may affect the quantity of viral inoculum received, which, in turn, may affect the risk of the severity of disease at infection. Therefore, the professions of the cases were grouped according to their frequency of direct customer exposure (FDCE) based on subjective observations, which resulted in five workplaces; hospital, school, food service, outdoor service, and indoor office being identified. Analyzing the follow-up data, we obtained precise estimates for the risk of severe disease, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization or death, for the workplaces adjusted for age, sex, family status, and comorbidity. Major findings are as follows: hospital and school are the lowest risk, food and outdoor services are, despite higher FDCE, safer than indoor office. Unemployed and unclear are the highest risk, despite low FDCE. These results suggest the following workplace-specific measures complementing the lockdown: school should not be closed and indiscriminate closing of food and outdoor service industries should be avoided, since it would be more effective to reinforce their efforts to promote adherence to public health guidelines among students and customers. These actions would also reduce the adverse effects of the lockdown. This study is the first to address the causality between the workplaces and severe disease. We introduce FDCE and adherence to public health guidelines (APHGs) to associate the workplace characteristics with the risk of COVID-19 severity, which provided the basis for the measures complementing lockdowns.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_2_description_63":{"attribute_name":"引用","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Frontiers in Public Health, 9, art. no. 731239; 2022","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_2_publisher_33":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"Frontiers Media S.A."}]},"item_2_relation_12":{"attribute_name":"DOI","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_type":"isIdenticalTo","subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"10.3389/fpubh.2021.731239","subitem_relation_type_select":"DOI"}}]},"item_2_rights_13":{"attribute_name":"権利","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_rights":"© 2022 Nakamura, Mori, Saunders, Chishaki and Nose. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms."}]},"item_2_source_id_7":{"attribute_name":"ISSN","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"2296-2565","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_2_version_type_16":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85","subitem_version_type":"VoR"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Nakamura, Tsuyoshi"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Mori, Hiroyuki"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Saunders, Todd"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Chishaki, Hiroaki"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Nose, Yoshiaki"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2022-02-28"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"FPH9_731239.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.8 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"FPH9_731239.pdf","url":"https://nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/27127/files/FPH9_731239.pdf"},"version_id":"b39ba73f-f990-4600-964c-152eb191d818"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"COVID-19","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"severe disease","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"workplace","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"occupation","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"cohort study","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"relative risk","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"lockdown","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"direct customer exposure","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"journal article","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501"}]},"item_title":"Impact of Workplace on the Risk of Severe COVID-19","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"Impact of Workplace on the Risk of Severe COVID-19"}]},"item_type_id":"2","owner":"6","path":["56"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2022-02-28"},"publish_date":"2022-02-28","publish_status":"0","recid":"27127","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["Impact of Workplace on the Risk of Severe COVID-19"],"weko_creator_id":"6","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-05-15T19:57:31.137912+00:00"}