@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027727,
 author = {Alshaweesh, Jalal and Nakamura, Risa and Tanaka, Yuka and Hayashishita, Mizuki and Musa, Abu and Kikuchi, Mihoko and Inaoka, Daniel Ken and Hamano, Shinjiro},
 issue = {5},
 journal = {Microbiology Spectrum},
 month = {Oct},
 note = {Infection of C57BL/6 wild-type mice with Leishmania major 5-ASKH or Friedlin strains results in relatively similar pathogenicity with self-healing lesions within weeks. Parasite clearance depends on nitric oxide production by activated macrophages in response to cytokines produced mainly by CD41 Th1 cells. In contrast, C57BL/6 Rag2 knockout mice, which lack T and B lymphocytes, show distinct pathologies during infection with these strains. Despite of the similar parasite number, the 5-ASKH infection induced severe inflammation rather than the Friedlin. To determine the immunological factors behind this phenomenon, we infected C57BL/6 Rag2 knockout mice with these two strains and compared immune cell kinetics and macrophage activation status. Compared with the Friedlin strain, the 5-ASKH strain elicited increased pathology associated with the accumulation of CD11bhigh, Ly6Ghigh neutrophils by week four and increased the expression of macrophage activation markers. We then analyzed the differentially expressed transcripts in infected bone marrow-derived macrophages by RNA sequencing. It showed upregulation of multiple inflammatory transcripts, including Toll-like receptor 1/2 (TLR1/2), CD69, and CARD14, upon 5-ASKH infection. Our findings suggest that different L. major strains can trigger distinct macrophage activation, contributing to the disease outcome observed in the absence of lymphocytes but not in the presence of lymphocytes., Microbiology spectrum, 10(5), art. no. e0112622; 2022},
 title = {Leishmania major Strain-Dependent Macrophage Activation Contributes to Pathogenicity in the Absence of Lymphocytes},
 volume = {10},
 year = {2022}
}