@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00027837,
 author = {Paghubasan, Jonathan and Aoki, Yoshihiro and Tiglao, Patrick Joseph G. and Sarmiento, Marvin Jay and Tan, Mariedel A. and Sarsalijo, Mardie S. and Aquino, Grace Joy B. and Comandante, John David L. and Santamaria, Emelia B. and Takahashi, Kensuke and Smith, Chris and Ariyoshi, Koya and Agosto, Lourdes C. and Warrell, David A.},
 journal = {Toxicon},
 month = {Dec},
 note = {The Samar cobra, Naja samarensis Peters, 1861 is one of the World Health Organization’s category I venomous snakes in the Philippines. Although N. samarensis is known to inhabit Eastern Visayas, unlike N. philippinensis in Luzon, no clinical case reports have yet been published in the international literature. No immuno-diagnostic assays have been developed for venomous snakes in the Philippines, even for research purposes. Therefore, identification of the causative snake in hospitals is challenging. In vivo pre-clinical tests using mice showed that locally-produced antivenom raised against N. philippinensis venom ["Purified Cobra Antivenom (PCAV)"] cross-neutralised N. samarensis venom. Here, we present five snakebite envenomation cases where causative snakes were confirmed in photos as N. samarensis by an expert local herpetologist. Patients’ symptoms and signs varied, from mild to extensive local cytotoxic to systemic neurotoxic envenomation. In one case, venom had been spat into the eye. Out of five patients, two underwent surgical debridement of necrotic tissue at the bite site. One paediatric patient was intubated because of cardiopulmonary arrest. Except for the spitting cobra case, four cases were successfully treated with PCAV and supportive management. These are the first clinical case reports of confirmed N. samarensis envenomation., Toxicon, 223, art. no. 107008; 2022},
 title = {A case series of samar cobra, Naja samarensis Peters, 1861 (Elapidae) envenomation},
 volume = {223},
 year = {2022}
}