@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005153,
 author = {Kono, Yusuke and Kawakami, Shigeru and Higuchi, Yuriko and Yamashita, Fumiyoshi and Hashida, Mitsuru},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have an alternatively activated macrophage phenotype (M2) and promote cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is one of the master regulators of macrophage polarization. Here, we investigated the effect of inhibition of NF-κB activity by small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the pro-tumor response of macrophages located in the tumor microenvironment in vitro. We used mouse peritoneal macrophages cultured in conditioned medium from colon-26 cancer cells as an in vitro TAM model (M2-like macrophages). Transfection of NF-κB (p50) siRNA into M2-like macrophages resulted in a significant decrease in the secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 (a T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine) and a significant increase of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine production (IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-6). Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor production and matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA expression in M2-like macrophages were suppressed by inhibition of NF-κB expression with NF-κB (p50) siRNA. In addition, there was a reduction of arginase mRNA expression and increase in nitric oxide production. The cytokine secretion profiles of macrophages cultured in conditioned medium from either B16BL6 or PAN-02 cancer cells were also converted from M2 to classically activated (M1) macrophages by transfection of NF-κB (p50) siRNA. These results suggest that inhibition of NF-κB activity in M2-like macrophages alters their phenotype toward M1., Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 37(1), pp.137-144; 2014},
 pages = {137--144},
 title = {In Vitro Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Nuclear Factor-KappaB Activity by Small Interfering RNA on Pro-tumor Characteristics of M2-Like Macrophages},
 volume = {37},
 year = {2014}
}