@article{oai:nagasaki-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000588,
 author = {White, Laura V. and Edwards, Tansy and Lee, Nathaniel and Castro, Mary C. and Saludar, Naomi R. and Calapis, Rugaiya W. and Faguer, Benjamin N. and Fuente, Nelson Dela and Mayoga, Ferdinand and Saito, Nobuo and Ariyoshi, Koya and Garfin, Anna Marie Celina G. and Solon, Juan A. and Cox, Sharon E.},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {Scientific Reports},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Diabetes and undernutrition are common risk factors for TB, associated with poor treatment outcomes and exacerbated by TB. We aimed to assess non-communicable multimorbidity (co-occurrence of two or more medical conditions) in Filipino TB outpatients, focusing on malnutrition and diabetes. In a cross-sectional study, 637 adults (70% male) from clinics in urban Metro Manila (N = 338) and rural Negros Occidental (N = 299) were enrolled. Diabetes was defined as HbA1c of ?6.5% and/or current diabetes medication. Study-specific HIV screening was conducted. The prevalence of diabetes was 9.2% (54/589, 95%CI: 7.0?11.8%) with 52% newly diagnosed. Moderate/severe undernutrition (body mass index (BMI) <17 kg/2) was 20.5% (130/634, 95%CI: 17.4?23.9%). Forty percent of participants had at least one co-morbidity (diabetes, moderate/severe undernutrition or moderate/severe anaemia (haemoglobin <11 g/dL)). HIV infection (24.4%, 74/303) was not associated with other co-morbidities (but high refusal in rural clinics). Central obesity assessed by waist-to-hip ratio was more strongly associated with diabetes (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 6.16, 95%CI: 3.15?12.0) than BMI. Undernutrition was less common in men (AOR = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.28?0.70), and associated with previous history of TB (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.28?3.04) and recent reduced food intake. The prevalence of multimorbidity was high demonstrating a significant unmet need. HIV was not a risk factor for increased non-communicable multimorbidity., Scientific Reports, 10(1), art.no.4100; 2020},
 title = {Patterns and predictors of co-morbidities in Tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study in the Philippines},
 volume = {10},
 year = {2020}
}